CentOS环境下lnmp配置过程中，有哪些常见问题及解决方法？

CentOS LNMP配置教程

环境准备

1. 操作系统：CentOS 7.x
2. 软件版本：Nginx 1.16.1、MySQL 5.7.25、PHP 7.2.34
3. 网络环境：公网IP或内网IP

安装LNMP环境

安装Nginx

# 安装依赖
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
# 安装Nginx
yum install -y nginx

安装MySQL

# 安装依赖
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoconf libtool libxml2 libxml2-dev libjpeg libjpeg-dev libpng libpng-dev freetype freetype-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev openldap openldap-devel readline readline-devel curl curl-devel
# 下载MySQL源码包
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
# 安装MySQL源码包
yum install -y mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
# 安装MySQL
yum install -y mysql-community-server

安装PHP

# 安装依赖
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoconf libtool bison bison-devel libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt libxslt-dev libcurl libcurl-devel openssl openssl-devel
# 安装PHP
yum install -y php php-mysqlnd php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-zip php-fpm

配置Nginx

修改Nginx配置文件

# 进入Nginx配置文件目录
cd /etc/nginx
# 备份原始配置文件
cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
# 修改配置文件
vi nginx.conf

添加以下内容到配置文件：

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

添加站点配置文件

# 创建站点目录
mkdir /var/www/html/myweb
# 创建站点配置文件
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/myweb.conf

添加以下内容到配置文件：

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  myweb.com;
    location / {
        root   /var/www/html/myweb;
        index  index.html index.htm;
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

重启Nginx服务

systemctl restart nginx

配置PHP-FPM

修改PHP-FPM配置文件

# 进入PHP-FPM配置文件目录
cd /etc/php-fpm.d
# 备份原始配置文件
cp www.conf www.conf.bak
# 修改配置文件
vi www.conf

添加以下内容到配置文件：

[www]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock
listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35

重启PHP-FPM服务

systemctl restart php-fpm

配置MySQL

初始化MySQL

# 初始化MySQL
mysqld --initialize

修改MySQL密码

# 进入MySQL安全模式
mysql_secure_installation
# 输入root用户密码，回车
# 设置root密码
# 移除匿名用户
# 禁用root用户远程登录
# 删除test数据库
# 退出安全模式

创建数据库和用户

# 登录MySQL
mysql -u root -p
# 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE myweb;
# 创建用户
CREATE USER 'myuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';
# 授权用户
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myweb.* TO 'myuser'@'localhost';
# 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# 退出MySQL
EXIT

相关问答FAQs

Q1：如何检查LNMP环境是否配置成功？

A1：可以使用以下命令检查Nginx、MySQL和PHP-FPM服务是否运行正常：

systemctl status nginx
systemctl status mysql
systemctl status php-fpm

Q2：如何访问LNMP环境下的网站？

A2：将浏览器地址栏输入你的域名或IP地址，然后按回车键即可访问网站，访问域名myweb.com，访问IP地址192.168.1.1。